Adopted by General Assembly resolution 41/128 of 4 December 1986
Bearing in mind the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations relating to the achievement of international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian nature, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion,
Recognizing that development is a comprehensive
economic, social, cultural and political process, which aims at the constant
improvement of the well-being of the entire population and of all individuals
on the basis of their active, free and meaningful participation in development
and in the fair distribution of benefits resulting therefrom,
Considering that under the provisions of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights everyone is entitled to a social and
international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in that
Declaration can be fully realized,
Recalling the provisions of the International
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and of the International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,
Recalling further the relevant agreements,
conventions, resolutions, recommendations and other instruments of the United
Nations and its specialized agencies concerning the integral development of the
human being, economic and social progress and development of all peoples,
including those instruments concerning decolonization, the prevention of
discrimination, respect for and observance of, human rights and fundamental
freedoms, the maintenance of international peace and security and the further
promotion of friendly relations and co-operation among States in accordance
with the Charter,
Recalling the right of peoples to
self-determination, by virtue of which they have the right freely to determine
their political status and to pursue their economic, social and cultural
development,
Recalling also the right of peoples to
exercise, subject to the relevant provisions of both International Covenants on
Human Rights, full and complete sovereignty over all their natural wealth and
resources,
Mindful of the obligation of States under the Charter
to promote universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental
freedoms for all without distinction of any kind such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other
opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status,
Considering that the elimination of the massive and
flagrant violations of the human rights of the peoples and individuals affected
by situations such as those resulting from colonialism, neo-colonialism,
apartheid, all forms of racism and racial discrimination, foreign domination
and occupation, aggression and threats against national sovereignty, national
unity and territorial integrity and threats of war would contribute to the
establishment of circumstances propitious to the development of a great part of
mankind,
Concerned at the existence of serious obstacles to
development, as well as to the complete fulfilment of
human beings and of peoples, constituted, inter alia,
by the denial of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, and
considering that all human rights and fundamental freedoms are indivisible and
interdependent and that, in order to promote development, equal attention and
urgent consideration should be given to the implementation, promotion and
protection of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights and that,
accordingly, the promotion of, respect for and enjoyment of certain human
rights and fundamental freedoms cannot justify the denial of other human rights
and fundamental freedoms,
Considering that international peace and security
are essential elements for the realization of the right to development,
Reaffirming that there is a close relationship
between disarmament and development and that progress in the field of
disarmament would considerably promote progress in the field of development and
that resources released through disarmament measures should be devoted to the
economic and social development and well-being of all peoples and, in
particular, those of the developing countries,
Recognizing that the human person is the central
subject of the development process and that development policy should therefore
make the human being the main participant and beneficiary of development,
Recognizing that the creation of conditions favourable to the development of peoples and individuals is
the primary responsibility of their States,
Aware that efforts at the international level
to promote and protect human rights should be accompanied by efforts to
establish a new international economic order,
Confirming that the right to development is an
inalienable human right and that equality of opportunity for development is a
prerogative both of nations and of individuals who make up nations,
Proclaims the following Declaration on the Right
to Development:
Article 1
1. The right to development is an inalienable human right by
virtue of which every human person and all peoples are entitled to participate
in, contribute to, and enjoy economic, social, cultural and political
development, in which all human rights and fundamental freedoms can be fully
realized.
2. The human right to development also implies the full
realization of the right of peoples to self-determination, which includes,
subject to the relevant provisions of both International Covenants on Human
Rights, the exercise of their inalienable right to full sovereignty over all
their natural wealth and resources.
Article 2
1. The human person is the central subject of development
and should be the active participant and beneficiary of the right to
development.
2. All human beings have a responsibility for development,
individually and collectively, taking into account the need for full respect
for their human rights and fundamental freedoms as well as their duties to the
community, which alone can ensure the free and complete fulfilment
of the human being, and they should therefore promote and protect an
appropriate political, social and economic order for development.
3. States have the right and the duty to formulate
appropriate national development policies that aim at the constant improvement
of the well-being of the entire population and of all individuals, on the basis
of their active, free and meaningful participation in development and in the
fair distribution of the benefits resulting therefrom.
Article 3
1. States have the primary responsibility for the creation
of national and international conditions favourable
to the realization of the right to development.
2. The realization of the right to development requires full
respect for the principles of international law concerning friendly relations
and co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United
Nations.
3. States have the duty to co-operate with each other in
ensuring development and eliminating obstacles to development. States should
realize their rights and fulfil their duties in such
a manner as to promote a new international economic order based on sovereign
equality, interdependence, mutual interest and co-operation among all States,
as well as to encourage the observance and realization of human rights.
Article 4
1. States have the duty to take steps, individually and
collectively, to formulate international development policies with a view to
facilitating the full realization of the right to development.
2. Sustained action is required to promote more rapid
development of developing countries. As a complement to the efforts of
developing countries, effective international co-operation is essential in
providing these countries with appropriate means and facilities to foster their
comprehensive development.
Article 5
States shall take resolute steps to eliminate the massive
and flagrant violations of the human rights of peoples and human beings
affected by situations such as those resulting from apartheid, all forms of
racism and racial discrimination, colonialism, foreign domination and
occupation, aggression, foreign interference and threats against national
sovereignty, national unity and territorial integrity, threats of war and
refusal to recognize the fundamental right of peoples to self-determination.
Article 6
1. All States should co-operate with a view to promoting,
encouraging and strengthening universal respect for and observance of all human
rights and fundamental freedoms for all without any distinction as to race,
sex, language or religion.
2. All human rights and fundamental freedoms are indivisible
and interdependent; equal attention and urgent consideration should be given to
the implementation, promotion and protection of civil, political, economic,
social and cultural rights.
3. States should take steps to eliminate obstacles to
development resulting from failure to observe civil and political rights, as
well as economic social and cultural rights.
Article 7
All States should promote the establishment, maintenance and
strengthening of international peace and security and, to that end, should do
their utmost to achieve general and complete disarmament under effective
international control, as well as to ensure that the resources released by
effective disarmament measures are used for comprehensive development, in
particular that of the developing countries.
Article 8
1. States should undertake, at the national level, all
necessary measures for the realization of the right to development and shall
ensure, inter alia, equality of opportunity for all
in their access to basic resources, education, health services, food, housing,
employment and the fair distribution of income. Effective measures should be
undertaken to ensure that women have an active role in the development process.
Appropriate economic and social reforms should be carried out with a view to
eradicating all social injustices.
2. States should encourage popular participation in all
spheres as an important factor in development and in the full realization of
all human rights.
Article 9
1. All the aspects of the right to development set forth in
the present Declaration are indivisible and interdependent and each of them
should be considered in the context of the whole.
2. Nothing in the present Declaration shall be construed as
being contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations, or as
implying that any State, group or person has a right to engage in any activity
or to perform any act aimed at the violation of the rights set forth in the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the International Covenants on
Human Rights.
Article 10
Steps should be taken to ensure the full exercise and
progressive enhancement of the right to development, including the formulation,
adoption and implementation of policy, legislative and other measures at the
national and international levels.